Afrika na Aziya ku isonga mu gutanga umusaruro mwinshi w’ibikomoka ku ihene: Dore icyo imibare ivuga
Ubworozi bw’ihene ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ku isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi cyangwa bihura n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ihene zigira uruhare mu gutanga inyama, amata n’ifumbire y’imborera, bityo bikagira uruhare mu bukungu bw’abaturage bo mu cyaro.
Nk’uko Ubushakashatsi bwa FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) bwo mu mwaka wa 2023 bubigaragaza, bushingiye ku mibare y’umwaka wa 2022, U Buhinde ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu kugira ihene nyinshi, zibarirwa muri miliyoni 149.8. Uyu mubare utuma iki gihugu kiba ku isonga mu bworozi n’icuruzwa ry’inyama n’amata by’ihene, ndetse n’ibikomoka ku mpu zazo.
Mu mwanya wa kabiri haza Ubushinwa, bufite hafi miliyoni 132 z’ihene, bukaba kandi n’igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu musaruro w’inyama z’ihene kuko gitunganya toni 2.4 miliyoni buri mwaka, nk’uko byatangajwe muri FAO Livestock Primary Dataset 2023.
Dr. Maria Helena Semedo, Umuyobozi Wungirije wa FAO ushinzwe Ibidukikije n’Ubuhinzi, yagize ati: “Ihene ni kimwe mu matungo yihanganira ubushyuhe n’amapfa, kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu bukungu bw’ibihugu bifite ibice byumye. Zigira uruhare mu kurwanya inzara no guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi.”
Nyuma y’u Bushinwa haza Nijeriya, Pakisitani, Bangaladeshi na Ethiopiya, aho buri gihugu gifite hagati ya miliyoni 40 na 88 z’ihene.
Uretse umubare w’amatungo, ibihugu bimwe byiyongera mu musaruro nyirizina. FAO, muri raporo yayo yitwa Global Livestock Production 2023, ivuga ko U Bushinwa, U Buhinde na Pakisitani ari byo biyoboye mu gutanga inyama nyinshi z’ihene, mu gihe U Buhinde, Sudani na Pakisitani ari byo biri imbere mu musaruro w’amata y’ihene.
Mu mwaka wa 2022, U Buhinde bwonyine bwatanze amata y’ihene agera kuri toni 6.2 miliyoni, Sudani ikagira toni 1.1 miliyoni, naho Pakisitani ikagera kuri toni 1.0 miliyoni (FAO, 2023).
Nk’uko byanditswe na Science Agri Journal mu mwaka wa 2023 mu bushakashatsi bwayo Global Goat Population and Production Trends (2010–2022), hafi 75% by’ihene zose ku isi ziri muri Aziya, cyane cyane mu Buhinde, Ubushinwa na Pakisitani, naho Aziya n’Afurika byose hamwe bifite 87% by’ihene z’isi yose.
Dr. Khalid Hassan, impuguke mu bworozi bwo muri Aziya yanditse muri iyo raporo ati:
“Nubwo ibihugu byinshi bifite ihene nyinshi, umusaruro wazo ntuhwanye bitewe n’amoko y’ihene, uburyo bwo kuzitunga n’ikoranabuhanga ritari rihagije. Ariko ihene zigenda zigaragara nk’igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.”
Abahanga bavuga ko ubworozi bw’ihene bukomeje gufatwa nk’isoko y’iterambere ry’icyaro, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, kuko zitanga ibikomoka ku matungo bitandukanye kandi zikihanganira ibihe bikomeye by’ubushyuhe.
